THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND CONTROL TO MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF GOMBE STATE POLYTECHNIC BAJOGA)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The project topic role of planning and control to management efficiency and productivity. In an economy, Nigeria administrators has been faced with credible problems. Planning as a key to management efficiency and productivity involves selecting mission objectives and action to achieve them. It also bridges the gap from where we are and where we want to go. It can equally be analyzing a situation determining the goals that will be pursued in future deciding in advance the actions that will be taken to achieves these goal (Dessler, 1988).
Controlling on the other hand, emphasizes monitoring the progress of the organization or the work unit towards goal. If necessary, taking corrective action, strategic planning, setting, objectives, managing resources. The small medium and large scale administrators experience frustrations when they make their forecast because they do not move as proposed. The crucial thing in the management is how far internal prediction are right or wrong in what planners wants to achieve. Usually large business organization differ in their planning and controlling processes but more significantly in the way these are woven into business planning and equally controlling system. It every stage, in order to ensure the manages effectiveness always depends solely in his convincing the management on the management of the soundness of his findings on planning and controlling process.
In management planning and controlling roles exist to managers and business more efficient by recognizing it to reduce or eliminate waste (Sgardea & et al, 2011). They should plan towards their survival although there could be many scenarios the manages should always find ways to avoid those events that would result inefficiency of services as wall winding up of these business with this background. The efficiency and effectiveness of the management can be quite profitable and can aid expansion into planning as where we want to start? Where do we go from the starting point? What do we go there to do? Who goes with us, these question are necessary because without plan administrator cannot lead or expect the follower to obey them. They will have little or no chance to accomplish the goals or know when or where they stayed from their paths. Dalton McFarland defined planning as the activity by which administrators analyze present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Some business organizations maintain poor performance due to poor planning and control which affects management efficiency and productivity of the organization. Poor planning and control are the factors that limit the productivity rate and growth of an organization as well as management inefficiency. Poor planning and control as a problem usually affects the smooth running and profit of the organization some business unit have no proper projects analysis and coordination greater attention is being paid on no productive projects than productive projects. In some occasion a business organization making much profit on its subsequent year but on present stage now are running into a big loss. And some others that were before making big loss are now pulling the larger share. There have been situations where organizations offer many years of its formation will collapse even though they may be well planned financed and managed while some will stand a test of time. Based on this administrative lacuna which planning is the key problems the researcher now deemed imperative to write on this topic.
1.3 PURPOSE/ AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In view of these Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga is been checked to determine the level of planning and control that goes on in the organization. The research work is being designed to accomplish these objectives:
1. To investigate the principle, procedures and steps on which planning and control is based, in order to arrive at a course of action that will lead to specific goal.
2. To identify the major tools for planning and control, and how best these tools will be effectively use to achieve efficiency in Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga.
3. To determine the extent to which planning and control have positively or negatively affected Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga.
4. And also to determine the extent to which proper planning and control can reduce managerial failure or distress in campus.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Answers to the question below would lead to the solution of the problem.
1. What procedures and steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrive at a course of action that will lead to a specific goal?
2. What are the major tools for planning and control?
3. To what extent has planning and controls have positively affected the organization?
4. To what extent would planning and control reduce managerial failure and distress in Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1. Efficiency of an organization is improved through proper planning and control?
2. Planning and control improves the efficiency of an organization?
3. Planning and control progress the efficiency of an organization.
4. Every Management will be productive if planning and control is well implemented
5. Implementation of planning and control will not be make management productive?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Planning and control is very pertinent tool for ensuring the efficiency and productivity of the management. Survival of a business especially where there are lots of unforeseen and uncontrollable variable always pull the organization down. Therefore, a constant and comprehensive step in formulating strategies plans and putting in place certain appraisal and evaluation system as a measure to control become necessary.
Therefore this research work intends to enforce and help administrators to appreciate the essence of planning and control of their limited resources to meet the objective of the organization through efficient productivity and profitability.
Moreso, it will educate administrators on how cost of production, price stability increase in turnover and adequate profit shall remain the overall measure of management efficiency.
In addition to that the importance of this study will be in the development of using planning and control to help managers in making relevant policy decisions which if well circulated will result to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the firm. This will in turn help to create avenues for the firms to achieve their optimum profitability which will be beneficial to the shareholder, employees, creditors and government including other that many have one dealing with organization or other.
Furthermore, the outcome of this study will bring life to aging business organization caused by incessant sustenance of operational breakdown and failure.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Efficiency and effective of productivity in Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga is being positively affected because of high rate of planning and control of the management.
Planning and control in management efficiency allows the management to estimate costs and the time required to finish the projects of the organization. However, planning and control act as device that enable management of Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga to anticipate changes and adopt them. The study area and expected area of this research work is Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga.
1.7 LIMITATION THE STUDY
During the course of undertaking this research project the researcher encountered some extraneous variable which hindered the free flow of work. The information was generated from staff of Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga, books and journals, some of the factor include: -
a. Time Constraint: Due to the nature of this study the time allocated to it was not sufficient which could not accord the researchers the opportunity to carry some organization that are concerned to this research.
b. Finance: Inadequate finance was a major handicapped to faster this research project. This was as a result of the huge transport cost involved in the collection of data and information.
c. Accessibility: During the course of this research project, the researcher found it difficult to have access to the population of interest and as a result, not all the desired information was collected since extensive visit was not also made.
d. Fear of information dissemination by not giving accurate information by respondents.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Management: It is defined as social and technical process that utilizes resources and change human behavior desired in order to elicit contribution objectively.
Planning: This is defined as the process by which managers analyzes, presents condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.
Control: This is defined as a process by which manager endeavour to achieve planned result by matching performance with intended objectives.
Forecasting: This is defined as statement that predicts something with the help of information.
Efficiency: It is the achievement of ends with the least amount of resources. Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste. As defined by Deborah Stone (2015), efficiency is "thus not a goal in itself. It is not something we want for its own sake, but rather because it helps us attain more of the things we value”.
Organization: This is the aggregate of people whose objectives are towards accomplishment of a given goal or objectives.
Goal: An end towards which one is working for.
Effectiveness: It is the ability of bring about the intended result having an effect, it is also the achievement.
Efficiency and Effectiveness: efficiency is very often confused with effectiveness. In general, efficiency is a measurable concept, quantitatively determined by the ratio of useful output to total useful input. Effectiveness is the simpler concept of being able to achieve a desired result, which can be expressed quantitatively but does not usually require more complicated mathematics than addition. Efficiency can often be expressed as a percentage of the result that could ideally be expected, for example if no energy were lost due to friction or other causes, in which case 100% of fuel or other input would be used to produce the desired result. In some cases efficiency can be indirectly quantified with a non-percentage value, e.g. specific impulse.
 

    Date: 2026-08-02 00:00:00.000000