Automatic Light Control System
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The project “automatic water level control with an automatic pump control system” is construct to monitor the level of water in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the water gets to the lower threshold, while offing the pump once the water gets to the higher threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and prevent the pump from overworking Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation, such programmatic approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling or using 555 timer IC.
Water Level Indicator using NE555 Circuit
Components Required
NE555 Timer
•Resistors R1,R4-1K
R2-22k
R3-570 Ohm
•Capacitor- 1UF
•Relay
•12v Transformer
•Pump
•Connecting wires
Working of Automatic water tank level controller
We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e. its output goes HIGH when voltage at the second pin(trigger pin) is less than 1/3 Vcc.
Also we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset pin).
In this project 2 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water levels-
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This device came to mitigate problems such as poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management, Automatic Water level indicator is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank or any liquid storage system. This device helps the user to be aware of the water level in the tank through an LED alert. It provides continuous water level measurement. It is very useful because the user need not worry about the water content during the peak hours of the day. It not only helps in the daily chores but also prevents water wastage. It reduces human labor, saves time and also keeps the user updated regarding the water content.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The goal or objectives of which the designed device is expected to accomplish is to build an automatic water level control with automatic control system.
1. to design an automatic water monitoring system
2. to prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting bad
3. to avoid wastage of water
4. Since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control saves energy
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OVERVIEW
This project report writing is written is design in such a way that each chapter is related to the next as shown below:
1.5 METHODOLOGY
There are many methods of construction an automatic water level control with switching device but all these methodologies require human assistance. In this project an automatic water level control for both over head and underground tank with switching device is designed using electronic control to refill the water without human intervention. The system design was carefully arranged to refill the water tank any time water get low to a certain level finally the system automatically shut down the water pump by putting the electric pump by putting the electric pump off when the tank is full. The approach used in this work is the modular design approach the overall design was broken into function block diagrams. Where each block in the diagram represents a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function. In this method the circuit is designed to display 2 different level using two sensors to monitor the inflow of water in the tank. However these displays can be increased and decrease depending upon the level resolution required. This can be done by increasing or decreasing the number of level detector and associated component. Diodes full-wave rectifier are used to power the system through a volts battery the rectifier output is filtered using capacitor C through C3 respectively the final design schematic circuit diagram of the method is shown below in the figure.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
There are several benefits of using these devices and some of the most important benefit includes the following.
•The device does not require manual controls. It can be operated automatically with the help of timer switches.With the use of these devices, the possibility of tanks getting over filled can be negated completely. The motor switch is automatically switched off even when the underground tank is empty.
•The possibility of dry running is also negated.
The use of water level control devices also avoids running the pumps during odd hours, particularly at night. It also ensures maximum water supply during peak hours especially during morning hours. The special sensors and time controllers are apt in pumping the water level to its maximum before the peak hours.
•. The popularity and usage of these devices have skyrocketed as it helps to save power, water and life of the pumps.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures constant reserve of water in the reservoir. The scope of the design was keep concise and simple to in other not to introduce unnecessary complexities and render it generally uncomfortable. The system does not have attached complex peripheral device which though impossible for the detail printable information has been excluded for reasons of affordability material of low range and less accurate performances as opposed to a
well built automatic water pump was use d to achieve this aim, the automatic water level controller detect and control the water in the tank
Applications of Water Level Indicator
The water level indicator is used in Hotels, Home apartments, commercial complex, and in factories.
The pumps used in the water level indicator are single phase motor, submersible motor, and in three phase motor.
By using the two motors, two sumps, two overhead tanks we cannot control by a single circuit.
Automatically the pump will switch ON/OFF when the water level in the tank is empty and full.
We can also measure the fuel level in motor vehicles
The liquid level containers are huge in the companies
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
It is significant to know that this design is limited to 12v, 5amps electric pump and cannot be use to control industrial water pump above 5 amps
1.9 REPORT OUTLINE
• The water level indicators are low cost in the market
• Any person can identify the water level easily
•By using this we can control the water level safely and easily,
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
Water Level Alarm Using 555timer
If the water is not up to the level of probes than the open circuit astable multi vibrator will not produce any oscillation. Thus, there is no sound produced by the circuit. If the water level reaches the probes then the current flows in the water, hence the sound is produced by the circuit. Therefore, astable multivibrator produces an oscillation which is proportional to the values of C1, R1 & R2 and resistors across the probes. Now the buzzer will produce beep sound to indicate the water level is reached to the level.
If the water is not up to the level of probes than the open circuit astable muiltivibrator will not produce any oscillation. Thus, there is no sound produced by the circuit. If the water level reaches the probes then the current flows in the water, hence the sound is produced by the circuit. Therefore, astable multivibrator produces an oscillation which is proportional to the values of C1, R1 & R2 and resistors across the probes. Now the buzzer will produce beep sound to indicate the water level is reached to the level.
In the author's paper presented the design of an automatic water level controller. The design system uses a mercury flow switch. The system incorporates two contactors which are energized to provide a direct online start of the motor. An over-load relay senses the presence of excess current and disconnects the supply while the mercury flow switch uses the Archimedes principle of flotation to provide electrical contact to switch ON and OFF supply to the motor when the tank is empty or full, respectively. This system is relatively cheap, affordable, and durable. The use of the mercury switch is the main disadvantage of this system. Mercury switches have a relatively slow operating rate due to the inertia of mercury, but they are also highly toxic and accumulate in any food chain. A water level sensor with voltage output readings was designed using a digital logic processing circuit or integrated circuit, a 7-segment display unit, a JK flip flop sequential circuit, and a motor drive circuit controlled by a relay-based driver. The water level sensors were electrode resistive sensors that depended on the water’s conductivity. At the desired points of level detection, it will conduct electricity between two fixed probe locations or between a probe and the tank wall. The water will complete the circuit, and the sensor output can be used in different ways, such as opening or closing an electronic switch or turning on or off a water pump. An electric water pump controller and level indicator have been designed, making use of metallic conductors or probe sensors, each positioned at different levels along the height of the tank height to act as sensors. Similarly to the aforementioned literature, The electrical conductivity of water is exploited. The additional components used are the comparators to monitor the presence of water at the probes and microcontrollers, and to drive digital outputs that turn on visual display LEDs that indicate various water levels in the tank. The automatic water level control has been applied practically in the water-replenishing tank of central air conditioning, and in the computerized water level control system for the system generator of Qinshan nuclear power plant. The manual method involves the switching ON and OFF of the power supply to the pump motor manually by an operator when the tank is either empty or full. This method is common with domestic water supply systems where water is pumped from a well to an overhead tank, e.g., borehole water supply. The limitation of this method is that it is prone to overflows and cavitation, resulting in wastage of resources. This is a result of human error due to time wasted in opening and closing valves. So, there is a need for an automatic or “human-less” system to increase efficiency. The objective of this study is to design and construct a portable automatic water level control switch capable of switching on the pump when the water level in the overhead tank goes low and switching it off as soon as the water level reaches a pre-determined level to prevent dry-run of the pump in the event the level in the underground tank goes below the suction level. This research paper describes the better ways of software and hardware architecture that blend for interfacing purposes, which includes designing and developing an automated water level control system. To detect the water level, the device uses advanced sensing technology. It controls the motor with an Arduino and a relay. At the beaker's various junctions, separate wires are connected. when we fill the beaker with water. The water makes contact with the wire, which indicates the tank's water level. As a result, the level of water has been reflected on an LCD. The motor is turned on and off with the aid of a relay. Hemant Lenka and his team based their research on the importance of water level controllers in irrigation in agriculture. According to the article, each crop needs a particular amount of water, which can be achieved by using an automated water level controller, which would also help to reduce water waste. They employ a technique to determine the rate of water flow in irrigation pipelines. It measures the rate of flow with a Hall Effect Sensor. The G1/2 Hall Effect water flow sensor is a sensing device that contains a turbine rotor whose speed varies depending on the rate of water flow. Anuj Pathak and his colleagues present an automated water level controller with SMS notification in this research paper. Maintenance of water can be done by users during load shedding thanks to the addition of SMS notifications to the automatic controller system. The automatic level controller and the SMS system function together in a synergistic way. The software was created in the Arduino programming environment and then transferred to the microcontroller. The system's water level is automatically maintained. Battery power is used to run the controller. The user receives an SMS notification whenever the device detects an empty level and the status of load shedding. The process will be automated by installing a single sensor device in the tank that will take water level measurements regularly and power the motor automatically. This device removes the need for people to fill the tank regularly and monitors for leakage. An ATMEGA328, ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, and Xilinx were used to design the device. Three tanks, each with its own set of ultrasonic sensors, were used in the experiment. The controller was an Arduino board. When the machine was turned on, water flowed through tank 1, indicating that tank 2 had been filled and the buzzer had been activated to show that two or more tanks had been filled. Following that, tank 3 was filled before the level indicator controller detected it, at which point the water supply was turned off. As a result, there was no water waste. Xilinx ISE was used to build and implement the same on an FPGA. In comparison to microcontrollers, FPGA has proved to be more beneficial for automating multiple water tanks. AnArduino UNO, an ultrasonic sensor, and a pump are included in the proposed model. An ultrasonic sensor was used to determine the water level. There was a link between the Arduino and the LABVIEW software. The Arduino turned on and off the pump based on the sensor readings, and the water was filled into the tank, as shown on the LABVIEW front screen. If there is no water in the lower tank and the pump is turned on, the pump will be disabled and energy will be lost. This is because the ultrasonic sensor is only mounted in the upper tank and not the lower tank. The water level sensor, buzzer, and water pump were used to create the prototype. The controller received the water level sensed by the sensor, which was then passed to the Bluetooth module, which then transmitted the information to the registered mobile. Additionally, a buzzer was used as a signal. When exposed to a damp atmosphere, the sensor takes the form of a touch sensor, with a measurement range of just 4 cm and a short lifetime. Having power applied to the probe continuously speeds up the rate of corrosion dramatically. An Arduino microcontroller, a water level sensor, and a cell phone were used to create the prototype. The controller received the level of water sensed by the water level sensor and updated the information on the server. The cell phone receives the information stored on the server by working the buttons on the mobile. The user decides whether to turn on or off the motor. A contact-type sensor is used. When exposed to moisture, the measurement range is small and the lifetime is short. Intervention by humans is needed. The float switches, the89S52 microcontroller, and the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module were used to build the prototype. Four tanks were taken in this operation. The sensing factor was afloat. The information was transmitted to the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, which will upload it to the server. Water level sensors and motor driver circuits were controlled by the microcontroller. A total of 16float switches are used in the system. The contact type float switches are easily stuck and do not move; they have poor accuracy and precision, and they require regular maintenance. The most recent solution, as explained, is to use an image sensor to measure water levels. Unlike other types of sensors, it can provide information about the environment around the sensor as well as the water level, allowing the measured data to be verified. It also has the benefit of not being influenced by the weather. Commenting on his encounters with the radar sensor and the surrounding area, According to Rikk Smith, we've been really happy with this sensor because it was simple and easy to mount, and we haven't had to touch it in over five months, according to Rikk Smith. The module consists of hardware and software to control the operation of pumping water in an overhead tank storage system. It can determine the presence of water in the tank, turn on and off the pump, and view the status on an LCD screen. Through using a calibrated circuit to show the water level and using DC instead of AC power, this research has successfully enhanced existing water level controls, reducing the risk of static shock. The system proposed in this paper is a basic water level monitoring system with multiple stages indicated. It also indicates when the water level falls below or rises above the required level. This method allowed us to better understand how Bluetooth modules work and how they can be used to create a portable device. This paper describes a device that uses ultrasonic sensors to determine the depth of water. A water level indicator, a water level sensor, a water pump control system, and a microcontroller are all included in the system. The ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of water, sends a signal to the microcontroller, and the pulses begin to echo. The intended device's goalor aims are to create an automatic water level management system with automatic control.
Date: 2026-08-05 00:00:00.000000