KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS THE PREVENTION OF ORAL DISEASE AMONG THE STUDENT OF GOVERNMENT COMPREHENSIVE DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL BAJOGA

Chapter one
Background of the study
1.0 introduction
preventing oral disease is an aspect in dental which concentrates on practice and procedure that ensure dental disease do not occur or progress to a more severe form. It includes two aspect of dental care, both performed to help patients avoid dental disease or target them in their early stage. In part, it is the oral hygiene care performed by the patient at home. In either case, the objective is to stop it at an early stage. Dental caries and other changes in the soft tissue of the studies show that the main cause of the majority of dental disease is plaque. It is a biofilm that contributes to two oral disease. Dental caries and periodontal disease. It is a complex community of micro-organisms that have a negative surfaces change that attaches to the host surface enamel or gingival. The initial layer or formation of plaque is called the acquired pellicle. This layer will reform within two hours after removal and will also form on artificial prosthesis, such as dentures and orthodontic brackets. Studies how that when plaque is not removed from the oral cavity it may mineralize and become calculus. This mineralized formation is formed by calcium and phosphate in the saliva. Daily removal of biofilm is critical to reduce oral disease.
Both manual and power toothbrushes can effectively remove plaque if patients use correct technique and brush for an adequate time. Certain toothbrush design. However, provide more effective removal than others studies show oscillating rotating power toothbrushes were shown to be as safe to use as manual toothbrushes if use properly. There are several manual tooth brushing techniques the include horizontal scrub, charter, still man, to name a few. The most popular method that uneducated patient uses is the horizontal, unfortunately gingival and enamel damage can occur with aggressive strokes and too form of bristles. The still man method is used for message and stimulation of the gingival with a 45 degree angle of the bristles and a vibratory/ pulsing method. The charter method also involves a 45 degree angle of the bristles and a vibratory/pulsing method. The charter method also involves a 45 degree angles with the bristles and rotary or vibratory motion forcing the bristles inter-proximately. The charter method can be recommended for orthodontic patients to clean orthodontic brackets and bands.
Dental floss: a thread like dental device that aid in removal of interdental plaque and food debris, it comes in different flavor e.g mint, cinnamon or bubblegum.
Toothpicks: this aid greatly in interdental cleaning ¡ri arch which can’t be accessed by dental floss or by people who are not able to afford one.
Fluorides: both community water fluoridation and topical fluoridation have proven to be an important mechanism in preventing dental caries.
Sealant: these are flow able materials that are applied on deep pits and fissures to prevent attack and progression of dental caries.
1.1 SUMMARY BACKGROUND
Prevention of dental disease is a dynamic in aspect of dental which concentrate on the practice and procedures that ensure the prevention, initiation, propagation and progression of dental disease. Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School which is located in Bajoga Gombe State, Gombe state in Nigeria with the population of almost 392 students. This study aims to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice towards the prevention of oral disease.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Dental caries oral periodontal disease are the most prevalent oral diseases.
They can be prevented by proper oral health care practices such as good oral hygiene, low sugar diet, use of fluoride toothpaste, seeking dental treatment in time and frequent dental check-ups. Knowledge on these methods of prevention coupled with proper attitude and practice/behavior towards oral health care practice is vital in the improvement of oral health.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objective was to investigate knowledge attitude and practice towards the prevention of oral disease among student of Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School, Gombe.
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The specific objectives weie
i. To assess the level of knowledge on preventive measures in dental among student of Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School.
ii. To find out the practices of student in Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School in prevention of oral disease.
iii. To assess the attitude of student in Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School towards prevention of oral disease.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
i. Why it’s important for student to have knowledge on the prevention of oral disease?
ii. What are those practices carried out for maintaining good oral hygiene
iii. How does the attitude of student in Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School help in preventing them from Oral Disease
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
There is limited information on the knowledge, attitude and practice towards the prevention of oral disease among secondary school student. The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards the prevention of oral disease among student of Government Comprehensive Day Secondary School. The findings of from this study will enable policy makers to formu1at strategies that will improve secondary school student knowledge on oral health and the general population at large course use the information obtained.
 
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Oral disease may directly affect a limited area of the human body but their consequences and impacts affect the body as a whole a healthy mouth and a healthy body go hand in hand. Conversely, poor oral health can have detrimental consequences on physical and psychological well-being. Yet; the high burden of oral disease represents a widely underestimated public health challenge for almost all countries worldwide. Oral disease are often hidden and invisible or they are accepted as an unavailable consequences of life and ageing. However, there is clear evidence that oral disease are not inevitable but can be reduced or prevented through simple and effective measures at all stages of the life course. Both at the individual level and population level.
Oral health is about more than a healthy teeth and a good looking smile. The mouth is a mirror of the body, often reflecting signs of systematic disease. Examination of the mouth can reveal nutritional deficiencies and unhealthy habits such as tobacco or alcohol use. Oral lesions may be the first signs of HIV infection and changes in tooth appearance can indicate serious eating disorders. Many general conditions increase risk of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes. Equally, poor oral health can adversely affect a number of general health conditions and their management.

Most oral diseases share common risk factors with NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases. These risk factors include unhealthy diets (particularly that high in added sugars) tobacco and alcohol use. They result a very similar pattern of inequalities in oral and general disease burden between different population.
Dental caries and periodontal disease are joint of the most common oral disease occurs include oral cancer, dental fluorosis.

2.1.2 Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease of the teeth that result in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcium tissue. It is the second most common cause of tooth loose and it is found universally, irrespective of age, sex, caste, cruel, or geographical location. It is considered to be a disease of civilized society, related to lifestyle factors, but heredity also plays a role in the late stages, it causes severe pain, is expensive to treat and leads to loss of precious man-hour. However, it is preventable to a certain extent.
2.1.3 Aetiology
An interplay of three principle factors is responsible for this multifactorial disease.

    Date: 2026-08-11 00:00:00.000000