Evaluate Trafficking among our youth in the society (a case study of Nigeria)
ABSTRACT
This project work is to evaluate human trafficking among our youth in the society (a case study of Nigeria). The need for the study arises because of the alarming rate of increase of human trafficking among the youth in the area. From the analysis, it was found that human trafficking brings about total moral breakdown and breakdown peaceful marriage or homes. Human trafficking brings about loss of lives and property; human trafficking terminates academic careers and also brings poor national image or poor reputation in the state. The objective of this study is to alleviate human trafficking or abolish human trafficking from the entire members of the state. The researcher therefore, recommend that there should be the awareness of sex education in all schools, the use of mass media for proper enlightenment to parents and youths. Teaching of moral or religious training in schools should be mandatory in the school curriculum, as these can help in solving the problems. Government and non government agents should educated the entire members of the state on the dangers of human trafficking include it into the school curriculum.
CHAPTER ONE
lNTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Nigeria is the most populous black country in the world with an estimated population of over 200 million people, endowed with abundant human and natural resources like oil, tin, limestone. bitumen, columbite, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation and climate, which varies from being equatorial in the south, tropical in the centre and arid in the north. The three major national languages are Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba while English is the official language.
According to Trafficking resource center, Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery. It includes both sex trafficking and forced labor. Youth with difficult family situations or histories of trauma, including those in foster care, can be at greater risk. States are required to consider any child who is identified as a victim of sex trafficking or severe forms of trafficking (as defined in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act) as a victim of “child abuse and neglect” and “sexual a trafficking abuse.” The term “sex” means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. The term “severe forms of trafficking in persons” means sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age. Human trafficking is an ugly fact of our society that is prevalent even today.
Human trafficking is a world-wide problematic issue. Over the years, it has evolved into teeming growth rate, having reached its peak and without showing sign of reduction in parts of Africa, Eastern, Europe, the Caribbean’s and Latin American countries. It is crucial to note that the increase on the cases of human trafficking in Nigeria is due to the undaunted efforts of the operators and profiteers of the business who are quick to cite unprecedented poverty and the near absence of the basic necessities of life as their driving force. As a result of this, there has been for the past few years steady drift away of young men into other countries. This has the chain result of our society being left underdeveloped.
According to the FOS (1999), since the rural areas were the hardest hit, mass Migrations swelled the populations of major cities as parents and families Began to take greater risks in an attempt to escape poverty and improve their Living standards. Accepted practices such as placing and fostering children at The homes of relatives were turned into money-making ventures for parents And the phenomenon of cheap labour through human trafficking escalated, Driving large numbers of young girls, women and children into the streets to Work.
Secondly, Nigeria has been bedeviled by myriad of problem most of the problems can be attributed to the pervasiveness of some of the ills that hamper the attainment of the development of the society. As a result of ills that currently hampers the development of the country, human trafficking has become widespread and now occupied a preeminent position among the ills that pervade the Nigeria society. While, it may appear that the problem seem endemic in Kaduna State there are indications that no parts of the country is immune from this social malaise that has ravaged many communities. The international labour organization (ILO) recently estimated that over 12 million Nigerian children especially in Edo State are engaged in child labour. The survey also estimated that over 10, 000 Nigerian are engaged in prostitution in Italy which constitutes in the Italian sex market. Most of these women and girls are initially trafficked victims many people especially women and children are lured with the promise of good jobs and salaries and then sold into prostitution or bonded labour.
Human trafficking is considered to be modern day slavery where many children and women are force fully or fraudulently recruited, transported and harbored for sexual or labour exploitation. The victims of human trafficking are usually made to provide sex under threat and without consent. However, they are also used as labors to work in field and fisheries, sweep shops or as domestic helps.
Thirdly, human trafficking is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world with the total annual revenue for trafficking in persons, not less than two hundred and fifty thousand persons, mostly female (i.e. 60% persons ranging from 12-18 years, while 40% persons above 18 years are trafficked across the Nigerian borders yearly especially in Kaduna state and other part of State. The business of trafficking in human beings is today organized by groups that are also involved in weapons and narcotics colluding with government officials in dozen countries. There is very little doubt that it is in curative business and maybe one of the most difficult to combat. They are less visible than those caused by gun running and trafficking. Exploiting the poverty and low status of women in the developing world, middle men are able to bring together the supply and demand for cheap labour and sex in ways that linkable not long ago. Though, the fact of human trafficking is not difficult to understand on its own, its dimension and categorization continue to multiply by the day. The educational curriculum might have over sighted this problem, therefore no room was created for this social ills the subjects that deals on moral that is Christian religious knowledge and the Islamic religious knowledge are gradually phasing out as teacher that staunched these courses are not being employed by some employers social studies which exposes our children to the vices and virtues in the society is only studied in the junior secondary classes. So students cannot but cope with the make believe life of affluence, flamboyances, greed which has made people especially the female trafficking a huge success in our society.
Human trafficking is the illegal commerce and trade of people. It is essentially the facet of slavery which relies on direct purchase in contrast to the “natural increase” from enslaving the children of slaves. The United Nations (UN) defines “trafficking in persons” as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboruring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion of abduction of fraud of deceptions, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments achieve the consent of a person, having control over another person’s for the purpose of exploitation.
CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATION
The main concern of this section of the paper is to define the central Concepts used in the paper to ensure clarity of conceptual usage. These terms, Which are adapted from the legal instruments of Nigeria’s National Agency For the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons, NAPTIP (2003), are highlighted Below.
Human trafficking
This involves the act and attempted act of recruitment and transportation of Persons (both male and female) within or across borders.
Women trafficking
This refers to the recruitment and transportation of women across national or International borders either voluntarily or involuntarily, for sexual or domestic Purposes. It also includes the purchase, sale, transfer, receipt or harboring of Young girls and women through deception for the purpose of subjecting the Women and girls to involuntary servitude. In this study, trafficking of women And female trafficking will be used interchangeably.
Women Traffickers
These are organized criminal rings involved in the smuggling (illegal
Transportation) of women across national borders to regional destinations (e.g. Europe and Italy). They are commonly referred to as “Trolley”, “Italo” “Sponsors”, “Madame” and “Boss”, etc.
Trafficked persons
These are persons, male and female, recruited and transported within or Across national borders for the purpose of sexual or domestic services.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study as a worldwide problem, frightens the growth rate of our economy, reducing lives of people in the world it has also brought poor reputation to the state. Because of unemployment human trafficking has increased particularly in Kaduna State, they have gone in search for money which has led the state to be underdeveloped. The research is designed to view the immediate causes and effect of human trafficking among our youth in Kaduna State. Because people had fail to recognize the effect it would bring to the state. The researcher hope that this project work would assist the society both at home and in school to reduce human trafficking and more also the problem which the researcher intend to look into are as follows:
What are the effects of human trafficking among the youth in Kaduna State?
What are the causes of human trafficking on the teenagers., adult etc in Kaduna State?
How does human trafficking affect the nation?
What are the effect of human trafficking on the standard of living of the youth in Kaduna State?
What are the possible difficulties that the society encounters in human trafficking?
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The goal of this study are
To enumerate the various types of human trafficking in Nigeria especially in Kaduna State.
To examine the effects of human trafficking in Nigeria ?
To examine the causes of human trafficking in Nigeria?
To find solution to the effects and causes of human trafficking?
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to find solutions to the problems raised earlier, the following research questions were raised.
How does the poor standard of living bring about human trafficking?
How does high level of illiteracy bring about human trafficking?
How does high level of human trafficking hinder development?
How does human trafficking brings about frustration among the youth in Nigeria?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study of the effects and causes of human trafficking in Nigeria is considered important due to the fact that this is capable of having a great impact on individual and the entire citizens of Nigeria. Having an information about human trafficking in the state through academic researches will save more than enough lives of innocent people in Nigeria.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY (DELIMITATION)
The scope of the study is based on the evaluation of human trafficking in Nigeria
CHAPTER TWO
The 2005 Trafficking in Persons Report by the US State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons estimates that approximately 600,000 – 800,000 persons are trafficked annually across the globe1. In 2001, European Commission indicated that 120,000 women and children were annually brought illegally into Western Europe and exploited mainly in the sex industry. IOM estimates that up to 500,000 women are illegally forced to work in the sex industry in Europe.
The estimates above suggest that thousands of Russian women and girls may be annually brought Into the countries of Europe, as well as South-East Asia and the United States. At the same time, Russia Itself is a major destination and transit country where Women from the former Soviet Union territories, Including Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, the countries of Central Asia and others are exploited by trafficking networks. Experts believe that in Moscow alone the commercial sex industry exploits 80,000-100,000 persons, followed by some 20,000-30,000 in St. Petersburg. In Moscow, 88.5% of this group are brought from CIS and non-CIS countries and rural parts of Russia. Up to 20-25% of this group are minors4, who may be infallibly considered as victims of trafficking. The scale of the practice is reflected IOM’s data, generated from the IOM Counter-Trafficking Module database: the number of trafficking victims assisted by IOM in returning from Russia to Ukraine alone - over 375 since 2001- and the fact that IOM statistics show the highest rate of minors among women trafficked from Ukraine and Moldova to Russia, as compared to other countries of destination. United Nations
Department of Drugs and Crime report that, The impact and cost of human trafficking on individuals as well as on political, economic and social systems is described as a major crime that hinder human right and development. Human trafficking is a crime against individuals and its consequences are most directly felt by those who are its victims. While human trafficking is a global phenomenon that knows no international borders, it is within individual countries and societies that its far-reaching and pervasive consequences are felt. More than 130 countries are affected by human trafficking. Some of the most notable social, political and economic impacts of human trafficking are identified, as also important policy considerations in each of to those areas.
According to Trafficking resource center.org, Any child under age 18 engaged in commercial sex is a victim of sex trafficking, even if the youth’s participation Is not forced or coerced. This includes: Prostitution, Pornography, Stripping etc. Human trafficking also includes forced labor, Common examples involve: Selling illegal drugs, Hair and nail salons, Begging, Farm work, Door-to-door sales and nannies, Crews (e.g., magazines) , Domestic work, Restaurant work all are included.
In 2005, International Labour Organization estimated that there were 12.3 million people in forced labour worldwide, of Whom about 2.4 million had been trafficked, both internally and across borders.51 The Profits of trafficking are significant. Unlike smuggling of migrants, which produces a one-time Profit, trafficking involves the long-term exploitation of individuals, which translates into Continuous income. Recent ILO estimates suggest that the global profits of trafficking in Human beings are around $31.6 billion annually. Based on the previously cited numbers of Trafficked persons, this translates into an annual illicit profit of $13,000 per victim.
Tolu, 2008 found that A lot of researches have been carried out on this issue and reasons adduced for thriving of this Inglorious trade. Some of the causes are, insatiable lust for money, materialism and discrimination (particularly against women, children and minorities) violence, general insecurity, internal Displacement as a result of ethnic/religious crises, low level of education, particularly among women, That have greatly reduced the capacity of women in the formal labour sector, making them to seek Another means of sustenance and forcing them into the hands of traffickers.
Authorities estimated that over 10,000 Nigerian prostitutes work in Italy and that many of them are victims Of traffickers. Trafficking has consequences not only for the victims, but also for their families and the nations As whole, especially as women and little girls are involved in the risk of pregnancy, maternal mortality, Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. Child prostitution and child labour deprive the children of the opportunity to pursue and achieve their full potentials, thereby depriving the nation of vital Human resources for development. It also detracts our self-esteem as a nation and devalues our pride and moral values, as described by( Tolu, 2008).
Date: 2026-08-14 00:00:00.000000